# MySQL (Prisma ORM v7) (/docs/orm/v7/core-concepts/supported-databases/mysql)

Use Prisma ORM with MySQL databases including self-hosted MySQL/MariaDB and serverless PlanetScale

Location: ORM > v7 > Core Concepts > Supported databases > MySQL

Prisma ORM supports MySQL and MariaDB databases, including self-hosted servers and serverless PlanetScale.

## Setup

Configure the MySQL provider in your Prisma schema:

```prisma title="schema.prisma"
datasource db {
  provider = "mysql"
}
```

**Self-hosted MySQL/MariaDB:**

```typescript title="prisma.config.ts"
import { defineConfig, env } from "prisma/config";

export default defineConfig({
  schema: "prisma/schema.prisma",
  datasource: {
    url: env("DATABASE_URL"), // mysql://user:pass@host:3306/db
  },
});
```

**PlanetScale:**

```typescript title="prisma.config.ts"
import { defineConfig, env } from "prisma/config";

export default defineConfig({
  schema: "prisma/schema.prisma",
  datasource: {
    url: env("DATABASE_URL"), // Uses connection string from PlanetScale
  },
});
```

## Using driver adapters

Use JavaScript database drivers via [driver adapters](/guides/core-concepts-v7-supported-databases-database-drivers#driver-adapters):

**With `mariadb` driver:**

#### bun

```bash
bun add @prisma/adapter-mariadb
```

#### pnpm

```bash
pnpm add @prisma/adapter-mariadb
```

#### yarn

```bash
yarn add @prisma/adapter-mariadb
```

#### npm

```bash
npm install @prisma/adapter-mariadb
```

```ts
import { PrismaMariaDb } from "@prisma/adapter-mariadb";
import { PrismaClient } from "./generated/prisma";

const adapter = new PrismaMariaDb({
  host: "localhost",
  port: 3306,
  connectionLimit: 5,
});
const prisma = new PrismaClient({ adapter });
```

**PlanetScale serverless:**

#### bun

```bash
bun add @prisma/adapter-planetscale undici
```

#### pnpm

```bash
pnpm add @prisma/adapter-planetscale undici
```

#### yarn

```bash
yarn add @prisma/adapter-planetscale undici
```

#### npm

```bash
npm install @prisma/adapter-planetscale undici
```

```ts
import { PrismaPlanetScale } from "@prisma/adapter-planetscale";
import { PrismaClient } from "./generated/prisma";
import { fetch as undiciFetch } from "undici"; // Only for Node.js <18

const adapter = new PrismaPlanetScale({
  url: process.env.DATABASE_URL,
  fetch: undiciFetch,
});
const prisma = new PrismaClient({ adapter });
```

## Supported variants

### Self-hosted MySQL/MariaDB

Standard MySQL (5.6+) or MariaDB (10.0+) servers.

- Connection URL: `mysql://user:pass@host:3306/database`
- Full Prisma Migrate support
- Use `prisma migrate dev` for development
- Both MySQL and MariaDB use the same `mysql` provider

**Connection string arguments:**

| Argument          | Default                | Description                    |
| ----------------- | ---------------------- | ------------------------------ |
| `connect_timeout` | `5`                    | Seconds to wait for connection |
| `sslcert`         |                        | Path to server certificate     |
| `sslidentity`     |                        | Path to PKCS12 certificate     |
| `sslaccept`       | `accept_invalid_certs` | Certificate validation mode    |

### PlanetScale

Serverless MySQL-compatible database built on Vitess clustering system.

- Connection URL: Update host to `aws.connect.psdb.cloud`
- Uses Vitess for horizontal scaling
- Database branching workflow (development/production branches)
- Non-blocking schema changes

**Key features:**

- Enterprise scalability across multiple servers
- Database branches for schema testing
- Non-blocking schema deployments
- Serverless-optimized (avoids connection limits)

**Branch workflow:**

1. **Development branches** - Test schema changes freely
2. **Production branches** - Protected, require deploy requests
3. **Deploy requests** - Merge dev changes to production

**Schema changes:**

Use `prisma db push` (not `prisma migrate`):

#### bun

```bash
bunx prisma db push
```

#### pnpm

```bash
pnpm prisma db push
```

#### yarn

```bash
yarn prisma db push
```

#### npm

```bash
npx prisma db push
```

PlanetScale generates its own schema diff when merging branches.

**Referential integrity options:**

**Option 1: Emulate relations (recommended for default PlanetScale)**

Set `relationMode = "prisma"` to handle relations in Prisma Client:

```prisma title="schema.prisma"
datasource db {
  provider     = "mysql"
  relationMode = "prisma"
}
```

Add indexes on foreign keys manually:

```prisma
model Post {
  id       Int       @id @default(autoincrement())
  title    String
  comments Comment[]
}

model Comment {
  id     Int    @id @default(autoincrement())
  postId Int
  post   Post   @relation(fields: [postId], references: [id])

  @@index([postId]) // Required when using relationMode = "prisma"
}
```

**Option 2: Enable foreign key constraints**

[Enable foreign key constraints](https://planetscale.com/docs/concepts/foreign-key-constraints) in PlanetScale settings to use standard relations without `relationMode = "prisma"`.

**Resources:** [PlanetScale docs](https://planetscale.com/docs) • [Prisma integration](https://planetscale.com/docs/prisma/automatic-prisma-migrations)

## Type mappings

### Type mapping between MySQL and Prisma schema

| Prisma     | MySQL/MariaDB    |
| ---------- | ---------------- |
| `String`   | `VARCHAR(191)`   |
| `Boolean`  | `TINYINT(1)`     |
| `Int`      | `INT`            |
| `BigInt`   | `BIGINT`         |
| `Float`    | `DOUBLE`         |
| `Decimal`  | `DECIMAL(65,30)` |
| `DateTime` | `DATETIME(3)`    |
| `Json`     | `JSON`           |
| `Bytes`    | `LONGBLOB`       |

See [full type mapping reference](/guides/reference-6-v7-reference-prisma-schema-reference#model-field-scalar-types) for complete details.

## Common patterns

**SSL connections:**

```bash
DATABASE_URL="mysql://user:pass@host:3306/db?sslcert=./cert.pem&sslaccept=strict"
```

**Unix socket connections:**

```bash
DATABASE_URL="mysql://user:pass@localhost/db?socket=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock"
```

**PlanetScale sharding (Preview):**

Define shard keys in your schema:

```prisma
generator client {
  provider        = "prisma-client"
  output          = "./generated/prisma"
  previewFeatures = ["shardKeys"]
}

model User {
  id     String @default(uuid())
  region String @shardKey
}
```

**Connection troubleshooting:**

PlanetScale production branches are read-only for direct DDL. If you get error P3022, ensure you're:

- Using `prisma db push` instead of `prisma migrate`
- Working on a development branch, or
- Using a deploy request to update production

## Related pages

- [`Database drivers`](/guides/core-concepts-v7-supported-databases-database-drivers): Learn how Prisma connects to your database using driver adapters
- [`MongoDB`](/guides/core-concepts-v7-supported-databases-mongodb): How Prisma ORM connects to MongoDB databases
- [`PostgreSQL`](/guides/core-concepts-v7-supported-databases-postgresql): Use Prisma ORM with PostgreSQL databases including self-hosted, serverless (Neon, Supabase), and CockroachDB
- [`SQL Server`](/guides/core-concepts-v7-supported-databases-sql-server): Use Prisma ORM with Microsoft SQL Server databases
- [`SQLite`](/guides/core-concepts-v7-supported-databases-sqlite): Use Prisma ORM with SQLite databases including local SQLite, Turso (libSQL), and Cloudflare D1

## Related pages

- [Authentication & Tools](./authentication-tools-index.md)
- [Build](./build-index.md)
- [Changelog](../changelog.md)
- [Concepts](./concepts-index.md)
- [Console commands](./console-commands-index.md)
- [Contract Authoring](./contract-authoring-index.md)
- [Core Concepts](./core-concepts-index.md)
- [Data Modeling](./data-modeling-index.md)
- [Database](./database-index.md)
- [DB commands](./db-commands-index.md)

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