# SQLite

Prisma ORM supports SQLite and SQLite-compatible databases. This includes local SQLite files, Turso's distributed libSQL, and Cloudflare's serverless D1.

## [Setup](#setup)

Configure the SQLite provider in your Prisma schema:

```title="schema.prisma"
datasource db {

  provider = "sqlite"

}
```

Set the connection URL in `prisma.config.ts`:

```title="prisma.config.ts"
import { defineConfig } from "prisma/config";

export default defineConfig({

  schema: "prisma/schema.prisma",

  datasource: {

    url: "file:./dev.db", // or libsql:// for Turso

  },

});
```

## [Using driver adapters](#using-driver-adapters)

Instead of Prisma's built-in driver, you can use JavaScript database drivers via [driver adapters](/guides/core-concepts-v7-supported-databases-database-drivers#driver-adapters):

**Local SQLite with `better-sqlite3`:**

::::tabs
:::tab{title="bun"}
```
bun add @prisma/adapter-better-sqlite3
```
:::

:::tab{title="pnpm"}
```bash
pnpm add @prisma/adapter-better-sqlite3
```
:::

:::tab{title="yarn"}
```bash
yarn add @prisma/adapter-better-sqlite3
```
:::

:::tab{title="npm"}
```bash
npm install @prisma/adapter-better-sqlite3
```

```ts
import { PrismaBetterSqlite3 } from "@prisma/adapter-better-sqlite3";
import { PrismaClient } from "./generated/prisma";

const adapter = new PrismaBetterSqlite3({ url: "file:./prisma/dev.db" });
const prisma = new PrismaClient({ adapter });
```

**Turso with `@prisma/adapter-libsql`:**
:::
::::

```
import { PrismaBetterSqlite3 } from "@prisma/adapter-better-sqlite3";

import { PrismaClient } from "./generated/prisma";

const adapter = new PrismaBetterSqlite3({ url: "file:./prisma/dev.db" });

const prisma = new PrismaClient({ adapter });
```

**Turso with `@prisma/adapter-libsql`:**

::::tabs
:::tab{title="bun"}
```
bun add @prisma/adapter-libsql
```
:::

:::tab{title="pnpm"}
```bash
pnpm add @prisma/adapter-libsql
```
:::

:::tab{title="yarn"}
```bash
yarn add @prisma/adapter-libsql
```
:::

:::tab{title="npm"}
```bash
npm install @prisma/adapter-libsql
```

```ts
import { PrismaLibSQL } from "@prisma/adapter-libsql";
import { PrismaClient } from "./generated/prisma";

const adapter = new PrismaLibSQL({
  url: process.env.TURSO_DATABASE_URL,
  authToken: process.env.TURSO_AUTH_TOKEN,
});
const prisma = new PrismaClient({ adapter });
```

**Cloudflare D1 with `@prisma/adapter-d1`:**
:::
::::

```
import { PrismaLibSQL } from "@prisma/adapter-libsql";

import { PrismaClient } from "./generated/prisma";

const adapter = new PrismaLibSQL({

  url: process.env.TURSO_DATABASE_URL,

  authToken: process.env.TURSO_AUTH_TOKEN,

});

const prisma = new PrismaClient({ adapter });
```

**Cloudflare D1 with `@prisma/adapter-d1`:**

::::tabs
:::tab{title="bun"}
```
bun add @prisma/adapter-d1
```
:::

:::tab{title="pnpm"}
```bash
pnpm add @prisma/adapter-d1
```
:::

:::tab{title="yarn"}
```bash
yarn add @prisma/adapter-d1
```
:::

:::tab{title="npm"}
```bash
npm install @prisma/adapter-d1
```

```ts
import { PrismaD1 } from "@prisma/adapter-d1";
import { PrismaClient } from "./generated/prisma";

const adapter = new PrismaD1(env.DB); // D1 binding in Workers
const prisma = new PrismaClient({ adapter });
```
:::
::::

```
import { PrismaD1 } from "@prisma/adapter-d1";

import { PrismaClient } from "./generated/prisma";

const adapter = new PrismaD1(env.DB); // D1 binding in Workers

const prisma = new PrismaClient({ adapter });
```

## [Supported variants](#supported-variants)

### [Local SQLite](#local-sqlite)

Standard SQLite database files (`.db`). Connection URL format: `file:./path/to/database.db`

- Use `prisma migrate dev` for schema changes
- Store database file anywhere in your filesystem
- Suited to development and small applications

### [Turso (libSQL)](#turso-libsql)

Edge-hosted, distributed SQLite-compatible database.

- Connection URL format: `libsql://[hostname]`
- Requires authentication token
- Supports embedded replicas for faster local reads
- Use local SQLite file + Turso CLI for migrations (see [Turso docs](https://docs.turso.tech/))

**Key differences:**

- Remote access over HTTP
- Replication and automated backups
- Schema changes via `prisma migrate diff` + Turso CLI

### [Cloudflare D1](#cloudflare-d1)

Serverless SQLite database for Cloudflare Workers.

- Automatic read-replication across regions
- Schema changes via Wrangler CLI + `prisma migrate diff`
- Local (`.wrangler/state`) and remote versions available

**Key differences:**

- No transaction support currently
- Migrations via Wrangler: `wrangler d1 migrations apply`
- Deploy with Cloudflare Workers

## [Type mappings](#type-mappings)

| Prisma ORM | SQLite    |
| ---------- | --------- |
| `String`   | `TEXT`    |
| `Boolean`  | `BOOLEAN` |
| `Int`      | `INTEGER` |
| `BigInt`   | `INTEGER` |
| `Float`    | `REAL`    |
| `Decimal`  | `DECIMAL` |
| `DateTime` | `NUMERIC` |
| `Json`     | `JSONB`   |
| `Bytes`    | `BLOB`    |
| `Enum`     | `TEXT`    |

:::callout{intent="note"}
SQLite stores booleans as `0` (false) or `1` (true). Learn more about [SQLite type affinity](https://www.sqlite.org/datatype3.html#boolean).
:::

## [Common considerations](#common-considerations)

**Timestamp format with driver adapters:**

Configure how `DateTime` values are stored:

```
const adapter = new PrismaBetterSqlite3(

  { url: "file:./dev.db" },

  { timestampFormat: "unixepoch-ms" } // For backward compatibility

);
```

- **ISO 8601 (default)**: Best for new projects
- **`unixepoch-ms`**: Required for migrating from Prisma's native driver

**Enum validation:**

SQLite doesn't enforce enum values at the database level. Invalid values will cause Prisma Client queries to fail at runtime.

**Integer overflow:**

Prisma ORM validates that numbers fit within integer boundaries. If a value exceeds limits, you'll get a P2023 error.

## Related pages

- [Authentication & Tools](./authentication-tools-index.md)
- [Build](./build-index.md)
- [Changelog](../changelog.md)
- [Concepts](./concepts-index.md)
- [Console commands](./console-commands-index.md)
- [Contract Authoring](./contract-authoring-index.md)
- [Core Concepts](./core-concepts-index.md)
- [Data Modeling](./data-modeling-index.md)
- [Database](./database-index.md)
- [DB commands](./db-commands-index.md)

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