# Extensions

Prisma Postgres supports standard [PostgreSQL extensions](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-createextension.html). Extensions add functionality such as vector search, full-text search, fuzzy matching, and cryptographic functions to your database.

## [Enabling an extension](#enabling-an-extension)

Enable any [supported extension](#supported-extensions) using standard SQL:

```
CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS vector;
```

This works from any PostgreSQL client: `psql`, a GUI like TablePlus, a migration file, or a raw SQL query from your application.

The `plpgsql` extension is enabled by default on all Prisma Postgres instances.

## [Using extensions with Prisma ORM](#using-extensions-with-prisma-orm)

Prisma ORM doesn't natively support all extension types yet. For extensions that introduce custom types (like `vector` from pgvector), you can use [customized migrations](/guides/prisma-migrate-v7-workflows-customizing-migrations) and [raw SQL](/guides/prisma-client-v7-using-raw-sql) or [TypedSQL](/guides/prisma-client-v7-using-raw-sql-typedsql) to work with them.

The following walkthrough uses pgvector as an example.

### [1. Create an empty migration](#1-create-an-empty-migration)

:::code-group
```title="bun"
bunx prisma migrate dev --name add-pgvector --create-only
```

```bash title="pnpm"
pnpm prisma migrate dev --name add-pgvector --create-only
```

```bash title="yarn"
yarn prisma migrate dev --name add-pgvector --create-only
```

```bash title="npm"
npx prisma migrate dev --name add-pgvector --create-only
```
:::

The `--create-only` flag creates the migration file without applying it, so you can add custom SQL first.

### [2. Add the extension and table to your migration](#2-add-the-extension-and-table-to-your-migration)

Edit the generated migration file to enable the extension and create your table:

```
-- prisma/migrations/<timestamp>-add-pgvector/migration.sql

CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS vector;

CREATE TABLE "Document" (

  id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,

  title TEXT NOT NULL,

  embedding VECTOR(4) -- dimensions depend on your embedding model

);
```

### [3. Apply the migration](#3-apply-the-migration)

:::code-group
```title="bun"
bunx prisma migrate deploy
```

```bash title="pnpm"
pnpm prisma migrate deploy
```

```bash title="yarn"
yarn prisma migrate deploy
```

```bash title="npm"
npx prisma migrate deploy
```
:::

### [4. Pull the table into your Prisma schema](#4-pull-the-table-into-your-prisma-schema)

Introspect your database to update your Prisma schema with the new table:

::::tabs
:::tab{title="bun"}
```
bunx prisma db pull
```
:::

:::tab{title="pnpm"}
```bash
pnpm prisma db pull
```
:::

:::tab{title="yarn"}
```bash
yarn prisma db pull
```
:::

:::tab{title="npm"}
```bash
npx prisma db pull
```

Because Prisma ORM doesn't natively support the `VECTOR` type, it will be represented as [`Unsupported`](/guides/prisma-schema-v7-data-model-models#unsupported-types):

```prisma
model Document {
  id        Int                    @id @default(autoincrement())
  title     String
  embedding Unsupported("vector")?
}
```
:::
::::

Because Prisma ORM doesn't natively support the `VECTOR` type, it will be represented as [`Unsupported`](/guides/prisma-schema-v7-data-model-models#unsupported-types):

```
model Document {

  id        Int                    @id @default(autoincrement())

  title     String

  embedding Unsupported("vector")?

}
```

### [5. Query with raw SQL](#5-query-with-raw-sql)

Use `$executeRaw` or `$queryRaw` to interact with extension-specific types:

```
await prisma.$executeRaw`

  INSERT INTO "Document" (title, embedding)

  VALUES ('My Title', '[1,22,1,42]'::vector)

`;
```

You can also use [TypedSQL](/guides/prisma-client-v7-using-raw-sql-typedsql) for type-safe queries.

## [Supported extensions](#supported-extensions)

:::accordion{title="View all supported extensions"}
- [`amcheck`](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/amcheck.html)
- [`autoinc`](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/contrib-spi.html)
- [`bloom`](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/bloom.html)
- [`btree_gin`](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/btree-gin.html)
- [`btree_gist`](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/btree-gist.html)
- [`citext`](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/citext.html)
- [`cube`](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/cube.html)
- [`dblink`](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/dblink.html)
- [`dict_int`](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/dict-int.html)
- [`dict_xsyn`](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/dict-xsyn.html)
- [`earthdistance`](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/earthdistance.html)
- [`file_fdw`](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/file-fdw.html)
- [`fuzzystrmatch`](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/fuzzystrmatch.html)
- [`hstore`](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/hstore.html)
- [`insert_username`](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/contrib-spi.html)
- [`intagg`](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/intagg.html)
- [`intarray`](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/intarray.html)
- [`isn`](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/isn.html)
- [`lo`](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/lo.html)
- [`ltree`](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/ltree.html)
- [`moddatetime`](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/contrib-spi.html)
- [`pageinspect`](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/pageinspect.html)
- [`pg_buffercache`](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/pgbuffercache.html)
- [`pg_freespacemap`](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/pgfreespacemap.html)
- [`pg_prewarm`](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/pgprewarm.html)
- [`pg_search`](https://pgxn.org/dist/pg_search/)
- [`pg_stat_statements`](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/pgstatstatements.html)
- [`pg_surgery`](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/pgsurgery.html)
- [`pg_trgm`](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/pgtrgm.html)
- [`pg_visibility`](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/pgvisibility.html)
- [`pg_walinspect`](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/pgwalinspect.html)
- [`pgcrypto`](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/pgcrypto.html)
- [`pgrowlocks`](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/pgrowlocks.html)
- [`pgstattuple`](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/pgstattuple.html)
- [`plpgsql`](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/plpgsql.html) _(enabled by default)_
- [`postgres_fdw`](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/postgres-fdw.html)
- [`refint`](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/contrib-spi.html)
- [`seg`](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/seg.html)
- [`sslinfo`](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sslinfo.html)
- [`tablefunc`](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/tablefunc.html)
- [`tcn`](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/tcn.html)
- [`tsm_system_rows`](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/tsm-system-rows.html)
- [`tsm_system_time`](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/tsm-system-time.html)
- [`unaccent`](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/unaccent.html)
- [`uuid-ossp`](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/uuid-ossp.html)
- [`vector`](https://github.com/pgvector/pgvector)
- [`xml2`](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/xml2.html)
:::

If you need an extension that is not listed, [request an extension](https://pris.ly/i-want-extensions).

## [Limitations](#limitations)

- **Prisma Studio** does not support tables that use custom types from extensions (e.g., `VECTOR`). Queries against those tables will return a deserialization error.
- **Prisma ORM** does not natively support all extension types. Custom types are represented as [`Unsupported`](/guides/prisma-schema-v7-data-model-models#unsupported-types) in your schema and must be queried with [raw SQL](/guides/prisma-client-v7-using-raw-sql).

## Related pages

- [Authentication & Tools](./authentication-tools-index.md)
- [Build](./build-index.md)
- [Changelog](../changelog.md)
- [Concepts](./concepts-index.md)
- [Console commands](./console-commands-index.md)
- [Contract Authoring](./contract-authoring-index.md)
- [Core Concepts](./core-concepts-index.md)
- [Data Modeling](./data-modeling-index.md)
- [Database](./database-index.md)
- [DB commands](./db-commands-index.md)

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