# Coming from Prisma ORM 7 If you know Prisma ORM 7, this page tells you what each thing you already use is called in Prisma ORM 8. Two renamed things to know before the tables: the schema file is now called the contract (the same file, renamed), and generating the client types is now called `emit`. This page is a lookup table, not a tutorial: one table each for the schema, the command-line tool, and the query API, and a final section on what is missing. To move a running application, follow [Migrate from Prisma ORM 7 to 8](/guides/upgrade-prisma-orm-postgresql) instead. It runs both versions side by side against the same database and moves one part of the app at a time. To decide whether to move at all, see [Release status](/guides/prisma-orm-orm-release-status). All examples use PostgreSQL. ## [Before you start](#before-you-start) If you are adding Prisma ORM 8 to an application that runs Prisma ORM 7, do not run the new-project commands further down in that project, because `npm install prisma` installs version 8 in place of the version 7 command-line tool. Follow [Migrate from Prisma ORM 7 to 8](/guides/upgrade-prisma-orm-postgresql) instead. It runs both versions side by side against your existing database without changing its data, and ends with Prisma ORM 8 managing its migrations. On PostgreSQL, the following command moves Prisma ORM 7 to the `prisma7` command and `prisma7.config.ts`, and sets up Prisma ORM 8 to read your `schema.prisma` as its contract: ::::tabs :::tab{title="bun"} ``` bunx prisma@latest orm init --from-prisma7-schema prisma/schema.prisma ``` ::: :::tab{title="pnpm"} ```bash pnpm dlx prisma@latest orm init --from-prisma7-schema prisma/schema.prisma ``` ::: :::tab{title="yarn"} ```bash yarn dlx prisma@latest orm init --from-prisma7-schema prisma/schema.prisma ``` ::: :::tab{title="npm"} ```bash npx prisma@latest orm init --from-prisma7-schema prisma/schema.prisma ``` It does not change `prisma/` or the database. [`orm init` on a Prisma ORM 7 project](/guides/orm-orm-init#on-a-prisma-orm-7-project) lists what it changes. Then run `npx prisma db sign` and continue with [phase 3 of the guide](/guides/upgrade-prisma-orm-postgresql#3-migrate-one-route), moving routes one at a time to the client in `src/prisma/db.ts`. Prisma ORM 7 keeps owning your migrations until the guide's [phase 4](/guides/upgrade-prisma-orm-postgresql#4-transfer-migration-ownership), where Prisma ORM 8 takes them over. Phase 4 needs a contract file written for Prisma ORM 8. Before you start it, create one with the guide's steps 2.3 to 2.5, and set `contract` in `prisma.config.ts` to that file's path. To set up Prisma ORM 8 in a new project, install `prisma` and `@prisma/orm-postgres`, then run `orm init`: ::: :::: It does not change `prisma/` or the database. [`orm init` on a Prisma ORM 7 project](/guides/orm-orm-init#on-a-prisma-orm-7-project) lists what it changes. Then run `npx prisma db sign` and continue with [phase 3 of the guide](/guides/upgrade-prisma-orm-postgresql#3-migrate-one-route), moving routes one at a time to the client in `src/prisma/db.ts`. Prisma ORM 7 keeps owning your migrations until the guide's [phase 4](/guides/upgrade-prisma-orm-postgresql#4-transfer-migration-ownership), where Prisma ORM 8 takes them over. Phase 4 needs a contract file written for Prisma ORM 8. Before you start it, create one with the guide's steps 2.3 to 2.5, and set `contract` in `prisma.config.ts` to that file's path. To set up Prisma ORM 8 in a new project, install `prisma` and `@prisma/orm-postgres`, then run `orm init`: ::::tabs :::tab{title="bun"} ```bash bun add --dev prisma bun add @prisma/orm-postgres bunx prisma orm init --write-env ``` ::: :::tab{title="pnpm"} ```bash title="Terminal" pnpm add --save-dev prisma pnpm add @prisma/orm-postgres pnpm prisma orm init --write-env ``` ::: :::tab{title="yarn"} ```bash title="Terminal" yarn add --dev prisma yarn add @prisma/orm-postgres yarn prisma orm init --write-env ``` ::: :::tab{title="npm"} ```bash title="Terminal" npm install --save-dev prisma npm install @prisma/orm-postgres npx prisma orm init --write-env ``` `orm init` writes `prisma.config.ts`, a starter `src/prisma/contract.prisma`, `src/prisma/db.ts`, and `.env`. Put your connection string in `.env` as `DATABASE_URL`, write your models in the contract, and run `npx prisma contract emit`; `db.ts` imports the two files it writes. Commands are written as `prisma ...` in the tables below. Run them as `npx prisma ...`. ::: :::: `orm init` writes `prisma.config.ts`, a starter `src/prisma/contract.prisma`, `src/prisma/db.ts`, and `.env`. Put your connection string in `.env` as `DATABASE_URL`, write your models in the contract, and run `npx prisma contract emit`; `db.ts` imports the two files it writes. Commands are written as `prisma ...` in the tables below. Run them as `npx prisma ...`. ## [`schema.prisma` is now `contract.prisma`](#schemaprisma-is-now-contractprisma) `schema.prisma` is now `src/prisma/contract.prisma`. It is the same file, renamed: you still describe your models in it. In Prisma ORM 8, "schema" means a PostgreSQL schema, the namespace your tables live in, usually `public`. The biggest visible change is in field types. Where Prisma ORM 7 wrote a Prisma type plus a `@db.` attribute, such as `String @db.VarChar(255)`, Prisma ORM 8 writes the database type as the field type: `VarChar(255)`. | Prisma ORM 7 | Prisma ORM 8 | Notes | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | `schema.prisma` | `contract.prisma` | | | (nothing) | `// use prisma-8` as the first line | required in every Prisma ORM 8 `.prisma` contract file; see the note below the table | | `generator client { ... }` | removed | `emit` is the new word for `generate`. `prisma contract emit` writes two files next to your contract, `contract.json` and `contract.d.ts`. Commit both | | `datasource db { ... }` | the `orm` section of `prisma.config.ts` | the connection string and file paths live in the config file, not the schema. Example below | | `String @db.Text` | `String` | `String` is already stored as `text`. A known bug in one error message suggests `Text`; there is no such type | | `String @db.VarChar(255)` | `VarChar(255)` | the same for every other `@db.` type: the attribute name becomes the field type. [PSL syntax](/guides/contract-authoring-psl-syntax#models-and-fields) lists them | | `Decimal @db.Decimal(10, 2)` | `Numeric(10, 2)` | `Decimal` on its own still exists and is a `numeric` column without a fixed precision | | `Int`, `Boolean`, `Float`, `BigInt`, `Bytes` | unchanged | | | `String @db.Uuid` | `Uuid` | | | `DateTime`, `DateTime @db.Timestamptz` | `DateTime` | same name, and it is already a `timestamptz` column. Values come back as `Temporal.Instant`, not JavaScript `Date`; `new Date(value.epochMilliseconds)` converts one. See the note below the table | | `updatedAt DateTime @updatedAt` | `updatedAt temporal.updatedAt()` | write `temporal.updatedAt()` where the type would go. It declares a `DateTime` field and sets it on every create and update. Any field name works. `temporal.` is part of the contract syntax; there is nothing to import | | `createdAt DateTime @default(now())` | the same, or `createdAt temporal.createdAt()` | both work. `@default(now())` is a database default. `temporal.createdAt()` is set by Prisma ORM from your application's clock and gives the column no database default | | `String @default(cuid())` | `String @default(cuid(2))` | `2` is the cuid version. Plain `cuid()` is rejected | | `@default(dbgenerated("gen_random_uuid()"))` | ``@default(sql`gen_random_uuid()`)`` | `dbgenerated` is rejected. Write any SQL expression as `` sql`...` `` instead, but keep writing `now()` and `autoincrement()` as plain functions. [Default values](/guides/contract-authoring-psl-syntax#default-values) covers every kind of default | | `Json` | `Jsonb` | Prisma ORM 7's `Json` stored a PostgreSQL `jsonb` column, so write `Jsonb`. In Prisma ORM 8, `Json` means PostgreSQL's older `json` type, which you almost certainly do not want | | `Json @default("{}")` | ``Jsonb @default(json`{}`)`` | write a JSON default as `` json`...` ``. A quoted string is text, and a JSON column does not accept it | | `enum Role { ADMIN USER }`, in a new database | `enum Role { ADMIN USER }` | same syntax. You can give members explicit values (`ADMIN = "admin"`). The column is stored as text, not as a PostgreSQL enum type | | `enum Role { ADMIN USER }` with a field `role Role`, in an existing Prisma ORM 7 database | `native_enum Role { ADMIN = "ADMIN" USER = "USER" }` with the field `role pg.enum(Role)` | your database already has a PostgreSQL enum type for it, and `native_enum` keeps it. See the note below the table | | `String[]` | `String[]` | unchanged on PostgreSQL. The list filters (`has`, `hasEvery`, `hasSome`, `isEmpty`) are not available; filter on a list with raw SQL for now (see below) | | `@@schema("billing")` | `namespace billing { model ... }` | a `namespace` block is a PostgreSQL schema; wrap the models in it. They become `db.orm.billing.Invoice` and so on | | implicit many-to-many (`Post[]` on `Tag` and `Tag[]` on `Post`, with no model for the join table) | the same two list fields, plus a model for the join table | you write the join table as a model yourself. Example below | | `@id`, `@unique`, `@default`, `@relation`, `@map`, `@@map`, `@@index`, `@@id`, `@@unique` | unchanged | a model without `@@map` names its table after the model, exactly as written, as in Prisma ORM 7 | | a required relation field over an optional foreign key, or the reverse | rejected | since `8.0.0-rc.10`, `contract emit` reports `PSL_RELATION_NULLABILITY_MISMATCH`. Give the relation field and its `@relation(fields: [...])` columns the same `?`, or none | :::callout{intent="note"} The first line of a contract file Every Prisma ORM 8 `.prisma` contract file must start with `// use prisma-8`. `prisma orm init` writes the line for you, so you add it yourself only when you create a contract file by hand. `prisma contract emit` reads only the `.prisma` files that start with this line and skips the others without a warning, and the [Prisma editor extension](/guides/contract-authoring-editor-support) does not recognize a file without it. ::: :::callout{intent="note"} Enums in a database that Prisma ORM 7 created Prisma ORM 7 stored each `enum` as a PostgreSQL enum type. To keep that type, declare the enum with `native_enum`, give every member an explicit value, and write the field's type as `pg.enum(Role)`. Like `temporal.`, `pg.` is part of the contract syntax, so there is nothing to import. ```title="src/prisma/contract.prisma (excerpt)" native_enum Role { ADMIN = "ADMIN" USER = "USER" } model User { id Int @id @default(autoincrement()) role pg.enum(Role) } ``` A `pg.enum(...)` field supports the `eq` and `in` filters, not `like` or `ilike`. You can switch to a plain `enum` later, but that changes the column type, so it needs a migration. ::: :::callout{intent="note"} DateTime values and Node.js versions The `DateTime` type reads and writes its values as `Temporal.Instant` objects. If you would rather work with the timestamp as a string, write `TimestamptzString` in place of `DateTime`. `Temporal` is built into Node.js 26 and later, but not in Node.js 22 or 24. On those versions, install `temporal-polyfill` and add this line at the top of `src/prisma/db.ts`: ``` import "temporal-polyfill/full/global"; ``` Homebrew's build of Node.js 26 leaves `Temporal` out, so check with `node -p "typeof Temporal"`; if it prints `undefined`, add the polyfill. ::: A many-to-many relation keeps the two list fields and adds a model for the join table. Its primary key must be the two foreign keys and nothing else, as `@@id([postId, tagId])` below: ```title="src/prisma/contract.prisma" // use prisma-8 model Post { id Int @id @default(autoincrement()) tags Tag[] } model Tag { id Int @id @default(autoincrement()) posts Post[] } model PostTag { postId Int tagId Int post Post @relation(fields: [postId], references: [id]) tag Tag @relation(fields: [tagId], references: [id]) @@id([postId, tagId]) } ``` That is complete as written: you do not need a `PostTag[]` field on `Post` or `Tag`. `.include("tags")` gives you `post.tags` as a `Tag[]`, and `connect` and `disconnect` work on it. `set` does not; see [Not available](#not-available) below. If the join table already exists from Prisma ORM 7, it is named `_PostToTag` with columns `A` and `B`. Keep the table by mapping the model to those names: `@@map("_PostToTag")` on the model, `@map("A")` on the field that points at the model whose name sorts first alphabetically (`postId`), and `@map("B")` on the other (`tagId`). The config file replaces the `generator` and `datasource` blocks. This one is for PostgreSQL: ```title="prisma.config.ts" import "dotenv/config"; import { definePrismaConfig } from "prisma/config"; import { defineConfig as ormConfig } from "@prisma/orm-postgres/config"; export default definePrismaConfig({ orm: ormConfig({ contract: "./src/prisma/contract.prisma", db: { connection: process.env.DATABASE_URL!, }, }), }); ``` The `orm` section takes these keys: - `contract`: the path to your contract file, or a glob for a [contract in several files](/guides/contract-authoring-psl-syntax#split-the-contract-across-several-files). On PostgreSQL it can also be `prisma7Schema("prisma/schema.prisma")`, with `prisma7Schema` imported from `@prisma/orm-postgres/config` next to `defineConfig`. The schema stays in Prisma ORM 7 syntax, so the changes in the table above do not apply to it, and it needs no `// use prisma-8` line. `contract emit` fails on any part of it that Prisma ORM 8 cannot read, such as a `view` block, and the error names the line and suggests a change to the Prisma ORM 7 schema; see [Use a Prisma ORM 7 schema](/guides/introduction-6-configuration#use-a-prisma-orm-7-schema). - `db`: the connection. - `output` (optional): where `contract.json` and `contract.d.ts` are written. Default: next to the contract. - `extensions` (optional): database extensions, for example `extensions: [pgvector]` with `import pgvector from "@prisma/orm-extension-pgvector/control"`. See [Using extensions](/guides/extensions-using-extensions). - `migrations` (optional): `{ dir: "migrations" }`, relative to `prisma.config.ts`. Your own migrations go in `migrations/app/` under it. There is no `provider` setting; importing from `@prisma/orm-postgres/config` is what selects PostgreSQL. ## [Commands](#commands) The Prisma ORM 8 command-line tool groups commands by what they act on: `contract` for your contract file, `db` for the database you are connected to, and `migration` for the migration files in your repository. | Prisma ORM 7 | Prisma ORM 8 | Notes | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | `prisma generate` | `prisma contract emit` | run it after every change to the contract. It writes `contract.json` and `contract.d.ts`; commit both | | `prisma migrate dev` | `prisma db update`, or `prisma migration plan` then `prisma db migrate` | see the paragraph below the table | | `prisma migrate deploy` | `prisma db migrate` | applies the migration files in your repository | | `prisma db push` | `prisma db init` the first time, on an empty database; `prisma db update` after that | `db init` creates the tables; `db update` changes existing tables to match the contract. For a database that already has your Prisma ORM 7 tables, run neither; see [step 4 of the migration guide](/guides/upgrade-prisma-orm-postgresql#4-transfer-migration-ownership). See [`db update`](/guides/orm-db-update) | | `prisma db pull` | `prisma contract infer` | writes a first draft of a contract from an existing database | | `prisma migrate diff` | `prisma db update --dry-run` to see what would change in the database, or `prisma migration show ` to print what a migration file does | `` is a folder name under `migrations/app/`, for example `20260911T1030_add_bio`. To diff two migrations into a new migration file, `prisma migration plan --from --to ` | | `prisma migrate resolve --applied` | see [Rollbacks and recovery](/guides/migrations-rollbacks-and-recovery) | for a migration that failed half way | | `prisma migrate resolve` for a database that already matches your schema | [step 4 of the migration guide](/guides/upgrade-prisma-orm-postgresql#4-transfer-migration-ownership) | the guide records which contract the database matches, both in the database and in your repository. Follow it rather than running the commands by hand | | `prisma migrate reset` | none | drop and recreate the database with your database tools, then `prisma db init` | | `prisma db seed` | none | there is no seed command. Write a script that imports `db` from `src/prisma/db.ts` and calls `.create(...)`, and run it the way you run any TypeScript file, for example `npx tsx src/prisma/seed.ts` | | `prisma studio` | none in the Prisma ORM 8 tool | run Studio from the Prisma ORM 7 tool, from a directory outside your project, with the connection string spelled out: `cd /tmp && npx prisma@7 studio --url "postgresql://user:password@localhost:5432/mydb"`. See [Studio with Prisma ORM](/guides/introduction-11-prisma-next) | | `prisma format` | `prisma contract format` | | | `prisma validate` | none | `prisma contract emit` fails if the contract is invalid, and `prisma db verify` checks it against the database | Day to day, the loop that replaces `prisma migrate dev` is: edit the contract, run `prisma contract emit`, then `prisma db update` to apply the change to your development database. `db update --dry-run` shows what it would change, and `db update` asks before it drops anything. When you want a migration file to commit, run `prisma migration plan` instead of `db update`; it writes a folder under `migrations/app/` with a `migration.ts` you can read, edit, and commit. Then `prisma db migrate` applies it. See [Generating a migration](/guides/migrations-generating-a-migration). Four new commands you will meet first: - `prisma orm init` sets up Prisma ORM 8 in a project: config file, starter contract, and `db.ts` (see [Before you start](#before-you-start)). - `prisma db init` creates the tables for your contract in an empty database. (`db update` is for a database that already has tables.) - `prisma db verify` checks whether the database still matches your contract. - `prisma db sign` records in the database that it matches your contract. Step 4 of the migration guide runs it for your existing database; you will rarely type it yourself. The rest are in the [CLI reference](/guides/reference-3-cli). ## [`src/prisma/db.ts` replaces `PrismaClient`](#srcprismadbts-replaces-prismaclient) There is no generated `PrismaClient`: you create the client once, in `src/prisma/db.ts`, from the two files `prisma contract emit` wrote: ```title="src/prisma/db.ts" import "dotenv/config"; import postgres from "@prisma/orm-postgres/runtime"; import type { Contract } from "./contract.d"; import contractJson from "./contract.json" with { type: "json" }; export const db = postgres({ contractJson, url: process.env.DATABASE_URL!, }); ``` `prisma orm init` writes this file for you. Every example on this page imports `db` from it. `db` has these parts: - `db.orm`: your models, by model name (`db.orm.public.User`). - `db.sql`: the [SQL query builder](/guides/reference-2-reference-sql-query-builder). It holds your tables by table name, as in `db.sql.public.User`, and a table's name is its model's name unless you set `@@map`. On this page, the raw SQL examples use it only to give each column's type. - `db.raw.sql`: lets you write a SQL query as text. - `db.runtime()`: the connection. It runs raw queries. - `db.transaction`: runs several queries in one transaction. To add middleware, add a `middleware: [...]` key to the `postgres({ ... })` call above. A middleware is a plain object with a name and one or more hook functions, for example `{ name: "log", async beforeQuery(plan) { console.log(plan.sql); } }`. [How middleware works](/guides/middleware-how-middleware-works) lists the hooks. ## [Queries](#queries) A query is a chain of calls that you `await` as a whole. The last call (`.all()`, `.first()`, `.create(...)`, and so on) says what you want back, instead of one method with one big options object. | Prisma ORM 7 | Prisma ORM 8 | | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | `new PrismaClient()` | `db`, from `src/prisma/db.ts` above. The examples below assume they live in a file directly inside `src/`, so the import path is `./prisma/db` | | `prisma.user` | `db.orm.public.User` (`public` is the PostgreSQL schema; unless you set one up, every table is in `public`) | | `findMany({ where })` | `.where(...).all()` | | `findFirst({ where })` | `.where(...).first()`. Returns `null` when nothing matches. `.first({ id: 1 })` is a shortcut for `.where({ id: 1 }).first()` | | `findUnique({ where })` | `.where(...).first()`, and check for `null`. There is no separate unique lookup | | `where: { id: 1, active: true }` | `.where({ id: 1, active: true })`; for comparisons, `.where((u) => u.age.gt(18))`. [Filter conditions and operators](/guides/reference-2-reference-orm-client#filter-conditions-and-operators) lists them all | | `select: { id: true, email: true }` | `.select("id", "email")` | | `include: { posts: { where: ... } }` | `.include("posts")`, or `.include("posts", (posts) => posts.where({ published: true }))` to filter or sort the related records | | `where: { name: { contains: "ali" } }` | `.where((u) => u.name.like("%ali%"))`; see [Not available](#not-available) for `startsWith` and case-insensitive matching | | `orderBy: { createdAt: "desc" }` | `.orderBy((u) => u.createdAt.desc())` | | `take` / `skip` | `.limit(n)` / `.offset(n)` | | `distinct: ["country"]` | `.distinct("country")` | | `create({ data: { ... } })` | `.create({ ... })`, without the `data` wrapper | | `create({ data: { ..., posts: { create: [...] } } })` | `.create({ ..., posts: (p) => p.create([...]) })`; `connect` works the same way | | `createMany({ data: [...] })` | `.createAll([...])` to get the rows back, or `.createAndCount([...])` to get a count | | `createMany({ data: [...], skipDuplicates: true })` | `.createAll([...], { onConflict: "skip" })` or `.createAndCount([...], { onConflict: "skip" })` | | `where: { title: { search: "cat & dog" } }`, with the `fullTextSearchPostgres` preview feature | `.where((p) => p.title.fullTextMatches(toTsquery("cat & dog")))`. See [Full-text search](#full-text-search) below | | `update({ where, data })` | `.where(...).update({ ... })` | | `updateMany({ where, data })` | `.where(...).updateAll({ ... })` for the rows, or `.updateAndCount({ ... })` for a count | | `delete({ where })` | `.where(...).delete()` | | `deleteMany({ where })` | `.where(...).deleteAll()` for the rows, or `.deleteAndCount()` for a count | | `upsert({ where, create, update })` | `.upsert({ create: { email: "a@b.c", name: "A" }, update: { name: "A" }, conflictOn: { email: "a@b.c" } })`. `create` is the row to insert. `conflictOn` takes a unique column with its value; if a row with that value exists, `update` is applied to it instead of inserting. Leave `conflictOn` out to use the primary key | | `count({ where })` | `.where(...).aggregate((agg) => ({ total: agg.count() }))`, which returns one object, `{ total: 5 }` | | `aggregate({ _sum, _avg })` | `.aggregate((agg) => ({ total: agg.sum("views"), average: agg.avg("views") }))` | | `groupBy({ by, _count })` | `.groupBy("userId").aggregate((agg) => ({ count: agg.count() }))` | | `$transaction(async (tx) => ...)` | `db.transaction(async (tx) => ...)`; inside, query through `tx.orm` instead of `db.orm` | | `$queryRaw` | see the raw SQL example below | | `$executeRaw` | see the raw SQL example below | | `$connect()` | `db.connect()`. You rarely need it: the client connects on the first query | | `$disconnect()` | `db.close()` | ### [Find with a filter](#find-with-a-filter) ```title="Prisma ORM 7" const users = await prisma.user.findMany({ where: { active: true }, select: { id: true, email: true }, orderBy: { createdAt: "desc" }, take: 10, }); ``` ```title="Prisma ORM 8" import { db } from "./prisma/db"; const users = await db.orm.public.User .where({ active: true }) .select("id", "email") .orderBy((u) => u.createdAt.desc()) .limit(10) .all(); ``` ### [Create a record](#create-a-record) ```title="Prisma ORM 7" const user = await prisma.user.create({ data: { email: "alice@prisma.io", name: "Alice" }, }); ``` ```title="Prisma ORM 8" const user = await db.orm.public.User.create({ email: "alice@prisma.io", name: "Alice", }); ``` ### [Raw SQL](#raw-sql) ```title="Prisma ORM 7" const rows = await prisma.$queryRaw`SELECT id, email FROM "User" WHERE active = true`; await prisma.$executeRaw`UPDATE "User" SET active = false WHERE id = ${id}`; ``` ```title="Prisma ORM 8" // A query that returns rows must say what type each column is. const user = db.sql.public.User; const select = db.raw.sql`SELECT id, email FROM "User" WHERE active = true` .returnsRow({ id: user.columns.id, email: user.columns.email }) .build(); const rows = await db.runtime().query(select); // A statement that changes rows: ask for the count. const update = db.raw.sql`UPDATE "User" SET active = false WHERE id = ${id}` .affectedCount() .build(); await db.runtime().execute(update); ``` The table is `User`, because a model without `@@map` names its table after the model. As in Prisma ORM 7, a value you put in the SQL with `${...}`, such as `${id}`, is sent to the database as a query parameter. Every raw query that returns rows needs `.returnsRow(...)` with a type per column, and you take the type from the table, as above. A computed column has no table column to take it from, so write the type name as a string instead: for `SELECT count(*) AS total FROM "User"`, write `.returnsRow({ total: "pg/int8@1" })`. [Raw queries](/guides/reference-2-reference-raw-queries) lists the type names. Finish the query with `.build()` and pass it to `db.runtime().query()` for rows, or to `db.runtime().execute()` for the number of rows a write changed. On PostgreSQL, `db.runtime()` returns the connection directly, so it needs no `await`. ### [Transaction](#transaction) ```title="Prisma ORM 7" const [user, post] = await prisma.$transaction([ prisma.user.create({ data: { email: "jane@prisma.io" } }), prisma.post.create({ data: { title: "Hello" } }), ]); ``` ```title="Prisma ORM 8" const result = await db.transaction(async (tx) => { const user = await tx.orm.public.User.create({ email: "jane@prisma.io" }); const post = await tx.orm.public.Post.create({ title: "Hello", authorId: user.id }); return { user, post }; }); ``` ### [Full-text search](#full-text-search) Import the functions that build a search query from `@prisma/orm-postgres/target/full-text`. `toTsquery` takes PostgreSQL's operator syntax as written, such as `cat & dog`, and fails on text that is not valid syntax, so use it only for text your application writes. For text a user types into a search box, use `websearchToTsquery`, which accepts quoted phrases, `or`, and `-` in front of a word to exclude it. To sort by relevance, pass the same query to `fullTextRank`: ```title="Prisma ORM 8" import { websearchToTsquery } from "@prisma/orm-postgres/target/full-text"; const query = websearchToTsquery('"cat food" -dog'); const posts = await db.orm.public.Post .where((p) => p.title.fullTextMatches(query)) .orderBy((p) => p.title.fullTextRank(query).desc()) .all(); ``` Add `@@fullTextIndex([title], name: "post_title_search")` to the `Post` model so PostgreSQL can use an index for the search. [Full-text search](/guides/reference-2-reference-orm-client#full-text-search-postgresql) covers the other options. ## [Not available](#not-available) Prisma ORM 7 features that have no direct form in Prisma ORM 8, with what to do instead. The status column says whether each feature is not available, available in a different form, or, for `$extends`, replaced by middleware. | Prisma ORM 7 feature | Status | What to do instead | | ------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | `skipDuplicates` on `createMany` | available in a different form | `.createAll(rows, { onConflict: "skip" })` or `.createAndCount(rows, { onConflict: "skip" })`. See the note below the table | | `{ increment: n }` / `{ decrement: n }` in an update | not available | write the arithmetic as raw SQL (see the example above), or read the value and write it back inside `db.transaction(...)` | | `findUniqueOrThrow` / `findFirstOrThrow` | not available on the query | the usual form is `.first()` and a `null` check. If you want the throw, write `await db.orm.public.User.where({ id }).all().firstOrThrow()`. It throws an error with code `RUNTIME.NO_ROWS` when nothing matches. Avoid it on a filter that can match many rows; it reads them all first | | `mode: "insensitive"` | available in a different form | on PostgreSQL, `.ilike("%alice%")` on a text field. You write the `%` wildcards yourself | | `contains` / `startsWith` / `endsWith` | available in a different form | `.like("%alice%")`, `.like("alice%")`, `.like("%alice")`; you write the `%` wildcards yourself | | filtering inside JSON (`path`, `string_contains`, `array_contains`) | not available | a `Jsonb` field can only be compared as a whole (`eq`, `neq`, `in`, `notIn`) or checked for null. Write the query as raw SQL (see the example above) | | `$transaction([...])` with an array of queries | available in a different form | `db.transaction(async (tx) => ...)`; the queries inside run one after another | | `Prisma.User` and `Prisma.UserGetPayload<...>` | available in a different form | `contract.d.ts` exports a `Models` namespace with one type per model. `Scalars` is the row a plain query returns, `Shape` is a row with chosen relations, and `ResultType` is what a query you already wrote returns. See [Model and result types](/guides/reference-2-reference-orm-client#model-and-result-types) | | implicit many-to-many relations | available in a different form | write the join table as a model; see the example under [Schema](#schemaprisma-is-now-contractprisma) | | `@@map` on an `enum` | not available | `contract emit` rejects it with `Unknown attribute "@@map" in "enum" block`. A plain `enum` is stored as text, so there is nothing to name. If you need a PostgreSQL enum type with a specific name, declare it with `native_enum`, which does accept `@@map` | | `$use` middleware | available in a different form | pass `middleware: [...]` when you create the client in `db.ts` (example in the `db.ts` section above). [How middleware works](/guides/middleware-how-middleware-works) lists the hooks | | `$extends` | replaced by middleware | `$extends` will not be added. Middleware replaces it and can do more; see [How middleware works](/guides/middleware-how-middleware-works) | :::callout{intent="note"} Skipping duplicate rows With `{ onConflict: "skip" }`, `.createAll(...)` and `.createAndCount(...)` skip each row that collides with any unique constraint on the table, and `createAll` returns only the rows the database wrote. To watch only one unique constraint, list its fields in `conflictOn`: ```title="Prisma ORM 8" const created = await db.orm.public.User.createAll(rows, { onConflict: "skip", conflictOn: ["email"], }); ``` Here `conflictOn` is a list of field names. In `upsert` it is an object of fields and values instead. A contract emitted by a release before `8.0.0-rc.12` makes the call fail with `ORM.CAPABILITY_MISSING`, so if your project used Prisma ORM 8 before that release, run `prisma contract emit` again before you use `onConflict`. ::: Also not available today: - Nested writes other than `create`, `connect`, and `disconnect`: `connectOrCreate`, nested `update`, `updateMany`, `upsert`, `delete`, `deleteMany`, and `set` on a relation. Change the related rows through their own model instead, for example `db.orm.public.Post.where({ authorId }).updateAll({ ... })`, inside `db.transaction(...)` if it must be atomic. - The list filters `has`, `hasEvery`, `hasSome`, and `isEmpty` on `String[]` and other list fields. The fields themselves work, and you can filter on them with a raw SQL query written the same way as the [raw SQL example](#raw-sql) above. For a `Post` model with a `tags String[]` field: ```title="Prisma ORM 8" const post = db.sql.public.Post; const query = db.raw.sql`SELECT id FROM "Post" WHERE ${tag} = ANY(tags)` .returnsRow({ id: post.columns.id }) .build(); const rows = await db.runtime().query(query); ``` - Transaction options: `isolationLevel`, `timeout`, `maxWait`, and transactions inside transactions. - `omit`, `relationLoadStrategy`, `Prisma.skip`, and the automatic batching of `findUnique` calls. - The `P2002` / `P2025` style error codes. Errors carry a `code` such as `RUNTIME.NO_ROWS` instead, and a database error such as a unique-constraint violation carries the standard SQL state code in `error.sqlState` (`23505` for a unique violation, on every database), so catch it with `if (error instanceof Error && "sqlState" in error && error.sqlState === "23505")`. See the [error reference](/guides/reference-2-reference-error-reference). - `Prisma.sql`, `Prisma.join`, `Prisma.raw`, `Prisma.empty`, and TypedSQL. Use `db.raw.sql` (example above); [Raw queries](/guides/reference-2-reference-raw-queries) covers building a query from pieces. - Soft delete, validation rules in the schema, lifecycle hooks on models, and read replicas. For soft delete, add a nullable `deletedAt` field and filter on it. Validate in your application code. Use middleware for hooks. For read replicas, create one client per database. ## [Where to go next](#where-to-go-next) - [Migrate from Prisma ORM 7 to 8](/guides/upgrade-prisma-orm-postgresql), the step-by-step migration for a running PostgreSQL application. - [Core concepts](/guides/introduction-2-orm-core-concepts), for what a contract is and what `contract emit` does. - [ORM client reference](/guides/reference-2-reference-orm-client), for every query method. - [Reading data](/guides/fundamentals-reading-data) and [Writing data](/guides/fundamentals-writing-data), for the query API in full. - [Release status](/guides/prisma-orm-orm-release-status), for how close Prisma ORM 8 is to its final release, and how to stay on Prisma ORM 7. ## Related pages - [Authentication & Tools](./authentication-tools-index.md) - [Build](./build-index.md) - [Changelog](../changelog.md) - [Concepts](./concepts-index.md) - [Console commands](./console-commands-index.md) - [Contract Authoring](./contract-authoring-index.md) - [Core Concepts](./core-concepts-index.md) - [Data Modeling](./data-modeling-index.md) - [Database](./database-index.md) - [DB commands](./db-commands-index.md) # Agent Instructions Cite this page’s canonical URL and keep its documentation version. 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