# Type utilities (Prisma ORM v6) (/docs/orm/v6/prisma-client/client-extensions/type-utilities)

Advanced type safety: improve type safety in your custom model methods

Location: ORM > v6 > Prisma Client > Client Extensions > Type utilities

Several type utilities exist within Prisma Client that can assist in the creation of highly type-safe extensions.

## Type Utilities

[Prisma Client type utilities](/guides/prisma-client-v6-type-safety) are utilities available within your application and Prisma Client extensions and provide useful ways of constructing safe and extendable types for your extension.

The type utilities available are:

- `Exact<Input, Shape>`: Enforces strict type safety on `Input`. `Exact` makes sure that a generic type `Input` strictly complies with the type that you specify in `Shape`. It [narrows](https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/narrowing.html) `Input` down to the most precise types.
- `Args<Type, Operation>`: Retrieves the input arguments for any given model and operation. This is particularly useful for extension authors who want to do the following:
  - Re-use existing types to extend or modify them.
  - Benefit from the same auto-completion experience as on existing operations.
- `Result<Type, Arguments, Operation>`: Takes the input arguments and provides the result for a given model and operation. You would usually use this in conjunction with `Args`. As with `Args`, `Result` helps you to re-use existing types to extend or modify them.
- `Payload<Type, Operation>`: Retrieves the entire structure of the result, as scalars and relations objects for a given model and operation. For example, you can use this to determine which keys are scalars or objects at a type level.

The following example creates a new operation, `exists`, based on `findFirst`. It has all of the arguments that `findFirst`.

```ts
const prisma = new PrismaClient().$extends({
  model: {
    $allModels: {
      // Define a new `exists` operation on all models
      // T is a generic type that corresponds to the current model
      async exists<T>(
        // `this` refers to the current type, e.g. `prisma.user` at runtime
        this: T,

        // The `exists` function will use the `where` arguments from the current model, `T`, and the `findFirst` operation
        where: Prisma.Args<T, "findFirst">["where"],
      ): Promise<boolean> {
        // Retrieve the current model at runtime
        const context = Prisma.getExtensionContext(this);

        // Prisma Client query that retrieves data based
        const result = await (context as any).findFirst({ where });
        return result !== null;
      },
    },
  },
});

async function main() {
  const user = await prisma.user.exists({ name: "Alice" });
  const post = await prisma.post.exists({
    OR: [{ title: { contains: "Prisma" } }, { content: { contains: "Prisma" } }],
  });
}
```

## Add a custom property to a method

The following example illustrates how you can add custom arguments, to a method in an extension:

```ts highlight=16
type CacheStrategy = {
  swr: number;
  ttl: number;
};

const prisma = new PrismaClient().$extends({
  model: {
    $allModels: {
      findMany<T, A>(
        this: T,
        args: Prisma.Exact<
          A,
          // For the `findMany` method, use the arguments from model `T` and the `findMany` method
          // and intersect it with `CacheStrategy` as part of `findMany` arguments
          Prisma.Args<T, "findMany"> & CacheStrategy
        >,
      ): Prisma.Result<T, A, "findMany"> {
        // method implementation with the cache strategy
      },
    },
  },
});

async function main() {
  await prisma.post.findMany({
    cacheStrategy: {
      ttl: 360,
      swr: 60,
    },
  });
}
```

This example is conceptual. You must implement and operate the cache used by the extension.

## Related pages

- [\`\`client`: Add methods to Prisma Client`](/guides/prisma-client-v6-client-extensions-client): Extend the functionality of Prisma Client, client component
- [\`\`model`: Add custom methods to your models`](/guides/prisma-client-v6-client-extensions-model): Extend the functionality of Prisma Client, model component
- [\`\`query`: Create custom Prisma Client queries`](/guides/prisma-client-v6-client-extensions-query): Extend the functionality of Prisma Client, query component
- [\`\`result`: Add custom fields and methods to query results`](/guides/prisma-client-v6-client-extensions-result): Extend the functionality of Prisma Client, result component
- [`Shared packages & examples`](/guides/prisma-client-v6-client-extensions-extension-examples): Explore the Prisma Client extensions that have been built by Prisma and its community

## Related pages

- [Authentication & Tools](./authentication-tools-index.md)
- [Build](./build-index.md)
- [Changelog](../changelog.md)
- [Concepts](./concepts-index.md)
- [Console commands](./console-commands-index.md)
- [Contract Authoring](./contract-authoring-index.md)
- [Core Concepts](./core-concepts-index.md)
- [Data Modeling](./data-modeling-index.md)
- [Database](./database-index.md)
- [DB commands](./db-commands-index.md)

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